by bacenter | Dec 11, 2025 | AI Policy & Regulation, Competition Law & Economics, Intellectual Property Rights, Working Papers
This article analyses the competitive problems potentially arising in the foundation models and generative AI value chain, by exploring its structural complexities and distinguishing between upstream and downstream dynamics. While upstream markets, such as cloud...
by bacenter | Nov 24, 2025 | Blogs, Competition Law & Economics, Data, Trade & National Security, Intellectual Property Rights
The following featured speech by Esin Aygun of the Turkish Competition Authority was delivered during our Next-Generation Regulation: Competition Law in the Digital, Intelligent, and Sustainable Economy conference in Istanbul, Turkiye, on November 7, 2025....
by bacenter | Nov 10, 2025 | Intellectual Property Rights, Working Papers
This study examines how innovation in patient access to treatment without a prescription could address critical patient needs. Notable disparities in healthcare access and outcomes persist across both geographic areas and socio-economic groups in the US. Some gaps in...
by bacenter | Aug 20, 2025 | Intellectual Property Rights, Working Papers
Predatory litigation has become increasingly prevalent in Brazil’s health and pharmaceutical markets, serving as a mechanism to delay the entry of generics, extend patent monopolies, and inflate healthcare costs. In 2024, Brazilian courts recorded 154,857 new lawsuits...
by bacenter | May 31, 2025 | AI Policy & Regulation, Blogs, Competition Law & Economics, Data, Trade & National Security, Intellectual Property Rights
1. Unfolding interoperability In simple terms, “[i]nteroperability is the ability of different systems to work together by exchanging information”.[2] Under the Digital Markets Act (DMA),[3] “‘interoperability’ means the ability to exchange information and...
by bacenter | Apr 9, 2025 | Intellectual Property Rights, Working Papers
Standards have long been considered the building blocks of innovation, and central to the standardization process are patents that protect the underlying technologies essential to a standard, also known as standard essential patents (SEPs). Since the beginning of the...
